The W-CDMA system uses wideband direct-sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) technology in a 5 MHz bandwidth to support the IMT-2000 data rate requirements of 384 kbps wide-area coverage and 2 Mbps local coverage. In the UMTS network, the BSS is renamed the radio network system (RNS), and the BTS is called Node B. The BSC functionality is replaced in UMTS by the radio network controller (RNC). As in the 2.5G network, the RNC routes voice to the MSC and data packets to the SGSN. Figure shows the UMTS radio elements and their interfaces to the core network. The core network includes the same elements of the 2.5G network, and supports circuit services via the MSC and packet services via the SGSN and GGSN
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